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De l’école primaire à l’université, Wikipédia est désormais un acteur incontournable de l’univers des connaissances. Mais pour s’en emparer, il faut préalablement comprendre cet outil d’un abord complexe et pourtant moins révolutionnaire qu’il n’y parait. À l’occasion des 20 ans de Wikipédia, chercheurs et enseignants ont réuni leurs contributions dans ce second volume qui fait suite à Wikipédia, objet scientifique non identifié, publié en 2015. Cet ouvrage a pour vocation de constituer un guide à destination des enseignants, des chercheurs et des professionnels souhaitant mener à bien des initiatives autour de l’encyclopédie libre : recherches, projets collaboratifs, projets culturels, etc., ou désirant simplement contribuer eux-mêmes à Wikipédia et aux autres projets de l’univers Wikimédia pour participer à leur amélioration.

Information Science & Library Science --- éducation --- transmission --- Wikipédia --- encyclopédie

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Das populäre Weltbild und damit auch das Geschichtsbild werden zunehmend durch das Internet geprägt. Die Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia trägt durch ihre Popularität hierzu wesentlich bei. Aus verschiedenen Gründen hadert die Geschichtswissenschaft aber noch mit dem interaktiven Nachschlagewerk. Trotz aller inhaltlichen Probleme stellt die Wikipedia aber mittlerweile eine quantitativ große Sammlung von Einzeldaten dar, die bei entsprechend kritischen Methoden auch für die Geschichtswissenschaft ertragreich sein kann. Im Sammelband wird die Wikipedia als von außen an die Geschichtswissenschaft herangetragene Herausforderung analysiert. Systematisch werden Probleme wie Rückschaufehler, Ingroup-Bias, Geschichtsfragmentierung, Tendenz zu Biografiengeschichte oder zu rhizomartiger Ausprägung untersucht, aber auch die möglichen Schnittstellen für eine Zusammenarbeit mit der Wikipedia-Community in der akademischen Forschung und Lehre aufgrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen zusammengefasst. Eine Chronologie der Entwicklung der Wikipedia und eine umfangreiche Bibliographie runden den Band ab. Historical scholarship and the digital humanities are still struggling to come to terms with the rise of Wikipedia, which has grown prodigiously in the last decade. Because of its enormous range, Wikipedia has made a significant impact on popular historical understanding. The contributors analyze Wikipedia as an external challenge to scholarship and sound out potential opportunities for collaboration with Wikipedia in research and teaching.

History --- Academic writing --- Methodology. --- Data processing. --- Research --- Annals --- Learned writing --- Scholarly writing --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Authorship --- Historiography --- Wikipedia. --- Theory --- Methods

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The ways in which the Internet is managed and controlled -often labeled as Internet Governance- are usually considered as standing on four main pillars: Technology, Market Laws, State Regulation and Uses. Nevertheless, its specific features, the consequences of the plurality of norms it involves and of the decision-making processes it entails are rarely addressed in a comprehensive analysis. This book explores the Internet’s functioning both as a practical-intellectual experience and a political challenge. By means of several case studies, it proposes a substantial and reflexive treatment of multileveled, formal or informal Internet Politics. The book’s overall endeavor is to outline an understanding of what is -or may be- a “digital common good”. The authors are members of a European academic team gathered by the Vox Internet research program’s meetings. They adopt a multi-disciplinary approach, embedding technological innovation in the field of social sciences (communication studies, sociology, law, political science and philosophy).

Internet --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Change --- Political aspects --- Social aspects --- Law and legislation --- Cyberspace --- DARPA Internet --- Internet (Computer network) --- Wide area networks (Computer networks) --- World Wide Web --- Internet Governance --- Web --- Wikipedia --- technology --- internet

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Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, is built by a community - a community of Wikipedians who are expected to "assume good faith" when interacting with one another. In Good Faith Collaboration, Joseph Reagle examines this unique collaborative culture. Wikipedia, says Reagle, is not the first effort to create a freely shared, universal encyclopedia; its early twentieth-century ancestors include Paul Otlet's Universal Repository and H.G. Wells's proposal for a World Brain. Both these projects, like Wikipedia, were fuelled by new technology-which at the time included index cards and microfilm. What distinguishes Wikipedia from these and other more recent ventures is Wikipedia's good faith collaborative culture, as seen not only in the writing and editing of articles but also in their discussion pages and edit histories. Keeping an open perspective on both knowledge claims and other contributors, Reagle argues, creates an extraordinary collaborative potential. Wikipedia is famously an encyclopedia "anyone can edit," and Reagle examines Wikipedia's openness and several challenges to it: technical features that limit vandalism to articles; private actions to mitigate potential legal problems; and Wikipedia's own internal bureaucratization. He explores Wikipedia's process of consensus (reviewing a dispute over naming articles on television shows) and examines the way leadership and authority work in an open content community. Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been imitated, analyzed, and satirized. Despite the social unease over its implications for individual autonomy, institutional authority, and the character (and quality) of cultural products, Wikipedia's good faith collaborative culture has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the century-old pursuit of a universal encyclopedia."--Jacket.

Electronic encyclopedias --- Wikis (Computer science) --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Authorship --- Online social networks --- Encyclopédies électroniques --- Wikis (Informatique) --- Communication savante --- Coauteurs --- Réseautage personnel (Informatique) --- Congresses --- Technological innovations --- Collaboration --- Case studies --- Congrès --- Innovations --- Cas, Etudes de --- Wikipedia. --- Case studies. --- Electronic social networks --- Social networking Web sites --- Virtual communities --- Social media --- Social networks --- Sociotechnical systems --- Web sites --- Authoring (Authorship) --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Communication in scholarship --- Scholarly communication --- Learning and scholarship --- WikiForums --- WikiWikiWebs --- Forums (Discussion and debate) --- Encyclopedias and dictionaries --- Interactive encyclopedias --- Multimedia encyclopedias --- Online encyclopedias --- Electronic publications --- Electronic reference sources --- Communities, Online (Online social networks) --- Communities, Virtual (Online social networks) --- Online communities (Online social networks) --- Library and information services --- Information technology: general topics --- Impact of science and technology on society

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Multiscale entropy (MSE) measures to evaluate the complexity of time series by taking into account the multiple time scales in physical systems were proposed in the early 2000s. Since then, these approaches have received a great deal of attention and have been used in a wide range of applications. Multivariate approaches have also been developed. The algorithms for an MSE approach are composed of two main steps: (i) a coarse-graining procedure to represent the system’s dynamics on different scales and (ii) the entropy computation for the original signal and for the coarse-grained time series to evaluate the irregularity for each scale. Moreover, different entropy measures have been associated with the coarse-graining approach, each one having its advantages and drawbacks. In this Special Issue, we gathered 24 papers focusing on either the theory or applications of MSE approaches. These papers can be divided into two groups: papers that propose new developments in entropy-based measures or improve the understanding of existing ones (9 papers) and papers that propose new applications of existing entropy-based measures (14 papers). Moreover, one paper presents a review of cross-entropy methods and their multiscale approaches.

electrocardiogram --- heart rate variability --- multiscale distribution entropy --- RR interval --- short-term inter-beat interval --- Alzheimer disease --- functional near infra-red spectroscopy --- signal complexity --- clock drawing test --- digit span test --- corsi block tapping test --- structural health monitoring --- multi-scale --- composite cross-sample entropy --- PD --- fault diagnosis --- variational mode decomposition --- multi-scale dispersion entropy --- HMSVM --- multiscale entropy --- embodied media --- tele-communication --- humanoid --- prefrontal cortex --- human behavior --- complexity --- page view --- sample entropy --- Wikipedia --- missing values --- physiological data --- medical information --- postural stability index --- stability states --- ensemble empirical mode decomposition --- gait --- Multiscale Permutation Entropy --- ordinal patterns --- estimator variance --- Cramér–Rao Lower Bound --- finite-length signals --- nonlinear dynamics --- multiscale indices --- cardiac risk stratification --- Holter --- long term monitoring --- multifractal spectrum --- multiscale time irreversibility --- predictability --- multiscale analysis --- entropy rate --- memory effect --- financial time series --- entropy --- cardiac autonomic neuropathy --- diabetes --- mental workload --- motif --- multi-scale entropy --- permutation entropy --- HRV --- SVM --- multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy --- multivariate time series --- electroencephalogram --- magnetoencephalogram --- CPD --- EEG --- sleep staging --- tensor decomposition --- preterm neonate --- bearing fault diagnosis --- weak fault --- multi-component signal --- local robust principal component analysis --- multi-scale permutation entropy --- brain complexity --- dynamic functional connectivity --- edge complexity --- fluid intelligence --- node complexity --- resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging --- aging --- consolidation --- default mode network --- episodic memory --- fMRI --- network complexity --- resting state --- copula density --- dependency structures --- Voronoi decomposition --- ambient temperature --- telemetry --- systolic blood pressure --- pulse interval --- thermoregulation --- vasopressin --- center of pressure --- falls --- postural control --- cross-entropy --- multiscale cross-entropy --- asynchrony --- coupling --- cross-sample entropy --- cross-approximate entropy --- cross-distribution entropy --- cross-fuzzy entropy --- cross-conditional entropy --- eye movement events detection --- nonlinear analysis time series analysis --- approximate entropy --- fuzzy entropy --- multilevel entropy map --- time-scale decomposition --- heart sound --- ICEEMDAN --- RCMDE --- Fisher ratio --- biometric characterization --- multi-scale entropy (MSE) --- vector autoregressive fractionally integrated (VARFI) models --- heart rate variability (HRV) --- systolic arterial pressure (SAP) --- multivariate data